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Ma Mannar Thirumalai Nayakkar,Madurai

RRathna — Mon, 16 Mar 2009 12:31:21 CDT

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History

RRathna — Mon, 16 Mar 2009 12:18:00 CDT

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About Me

RRathna — Sun, 28 Dec 2008 10:38:02 CST

Thanks for visting my page ,If you find any grammer mistakes in my page please me.
I am always talk with me that I am good always but not best.

I am Selfish ,Possesive,Talkative.Because till now I am doing work & earning for me.

Now I am 27 when I am going to acheive my Goal.Earlier I decided to become a cine star , Politician ,Manfeisto, Good Leader,IPS ,IAS.But what to do?.Fate is horsing our life.At last I am standing as an IT Engg.

I dont have a seperate Style.I am just following another one's style.Now I realized that we have to make an sperate style to acheive my goal.

But How?.Till now I didnt get any idea.I am ready to take steps to acheive.Someone is using my effort and my creativity.when I am going to implement for me?

When i am inventing new ideas & approaches in my company.It become very big hit and sucess .But my seniors ,Manager sucks all the credits.I cant stop this.

Life is full of thirsty.If you see a charmy girl.You want to love her.If any one have costliest car.Then you want to buy the same car.Like this we fell as same on all the things.I am also like this .But I dont want live like this.
What kind of thirsty I have?
Who will stop my thirsty?.

Now I am working in a company,But when I am going to own the company.
Even I have Started a company.But that company was closed within a month.I got cheated.
World is full of money minded,Cast minded,Religion Minded,Sex Minded,Drug Minded

The man who is not minded on any of this above can have answer for me.But I dont want that man be as an Monk or religion followers ,Monks are the worlds best "Lazy Fellow's"

Brave Comedies in INDIA :

Guys who have crowd near by him have full of brave in their heart.But when he is in single he will be calm when any one shout.So as per my concern we are like dogs,Pigs not like Lion.Even Loin would start to run when elephant comes to attack. Brave comes only from his birth,grownup.People with their crowd can beat a single one.

Let see how brave become comedy in INDIA :

Political Leaders , Cast Leaders comparing them as lion ,Elephant ,Cheetah and ask follower(Innocent people) to Stick lion near by their photos in the posters , Wall Papers.

Earlier in ancient period the kings were brave.Chatrapathi Sivaji , Maruthu Pandiyar,PuliThevan,Veera Pandiya Kattabomman,Pandiyan.They knew all kind of war arts.Even they do all kind of politics but they were very brave to save their people.So they have been compared as Lion.But now a days big comedy is going on.Politicians compare themselves as a Lion.

Which is my Country ?.
INDIA.
Hindustan becomes INDIA by politicians ,Hindus fight with muslims.Muslims fight with hindus.Hindus fight with christians.
Uppercast fights with lower cast people.Lowercast people fight with upper cast people.
Does any one feel peacful to live in INDIA ?.NO Why?

These politicians divided hindustan and made pakistan & India and ordered hindus to get out from pakistan.But Muslims not need to get out from INDIA.Ya I accept Muslims also partticipated in freedom fight.If they are dividing the country there should be an equal share.But they didnt do it.Even they didnt think about the future.Result my contry becomes full of religion clash, Bomb blasts because of politicians.
But British dont want muslims & hindus want to be in peace line.They ruled our country with these politics.
Hindustan is a country full of hindus once upon a time.But later Muslims ruled hindustan & developed their population with the help of hindu womans.After then British started to occupy.Then muslims joined with hindus to fought against british government.British sponserd christianity in INDIA.So flag becomes common for all religion.Orange for hindus,White for christians,Green for Muslims.

IN INDIA

Cowards making Bomb Blast successfully in my country every day.Government cant stop it.I cant able to stop it.
Most of the Indian Polticians have black Money.I am working more than 12hrs per day and earning just 40000 per month.Lot of People in City Corner earn only 1000 per month.But these politician income goes more than 1 crore per month.My qualification is B-Tech .His qualification is not even secondary school .Most of the cinema Star's who didnt even apply for studies earn 10 crores per month.Why I cant earn this money.What is the difference?.Who's making this difference.They are all running the horses using uneducated & innocent people.

These people will make money until they are educated.

We can leave cinema stars.But I need to tell about Politicians.Who are they?.Why they are telling we are for people?.
What is their work?Listed below

* Earn Money
* Make people stupid
* In the name of Real Estate business occupying lands.If the Land Lord approaching police station.Soon Rowdys
will kidnap that landlord with the help of police.Atlast that land will be sold with cheap rate.
* Encouraging Community apparels & Religion Apparels.
* Using rowdy's to win in the election
* Working for their leader who is one of the waste candidate.
* Roaming city in costliest car with party flag.(Threatening People I am with this party be careful)
* Using well educated IAS ,IPS for their own purpose.
* Rapping womens.
* Killing innocent people by bomblast in the name of Terrorists.
Will these cowards stand in the border with Miltery to fight against our enemies.Will they drive their costly car with party flag in
the Border to protest our country.

Traffic police Stops Lorry & getting money infront of the public.
Small Eg :
Police Man standing idle when the student got beaten up infront of them due to cast clash in the college.
Police did nt take single step to recover or stop that violence

To become a IPS offcier ,Man spend whole nights to study & writing exams.After a lot of Interveiw he is becoming an IPS ,IAS.
After becoming an IAS Officer .He is doing works in favour of that minster who didnt even passed secondary school.

When this world going to identify me?.

I just need some money to acheive .

If I cant achive anything till my 40th.Then I am shamless .I ll end my life.

Whats this life ?. Man living for him.Who has started this usless theme?

As a humanbeing you have to live for others.If you are not living for others then you are an animal.

Thankz
A Stupid Comman Man
Public

MY life Cycle

RRathna — Sun, 28 Dec 2008 10:36:18 CST

Child Life
My Parents:

V.Ramamoorthy ,Rtd Subedar (Indian Army),Rtd Sub Insp
S.Indra Ma ,Med
Also I have a brother Mr Rajasekaran.R M.com,We never speak in our life.He is 8 yrs elder than me

As a Army Man my fathers Expectation was very high. He want always me on first in intelligence , studies , sports, Quiz .But as usual I am the last on all activities. He suggested all these things till 9th.I got failed on my 9th standard. Now he starts to avoid me. Even from 9th standard my studies started to sap due to cigarettes, bear , Love ,romance ,sex,heroisam,heroine.Again I got failed on +2.I am the one failed on the whole school. Now my father done one thing. Actually my house have 1 floor. . we live in 1st floor, left ground floor for rent. He vacate and start to live in ground floor. Because 2 children’s are very poor in studies. Now I came out from my house and start to live with my grand ma.But my mother think about my career and asked me to join in Polytechnic. As per my mothers & God wish I had joined in Polytechnic."Karur Polytechnic College

Polytechnic College:

Really Polytechnic is my turning point in my life. Hostel life taught a different life. I got good freind Kalidass , Karthick,Rajaguru,Anguraj.Kalidass & Rajaguru basically from theni district.They are very bold.I have learn a lot from these guys.We joined in SFA(Students Federal Association)..Kalidass encouraged me to studybooks, some

leaders history like Netaji, Muthuramalinga Thevar,.. Bharathiyar,Veera Pandya Kattabomman,Feidel Castro,Che Guevara..I was impressed by their thoughts.I have started to follow their thoughts.

I got 2 lecturers ,after then they become my care takers.Senthil Kumar & Vijay Sekar.They encouraged & helped me a lot. As the result I finished my studies with 92.75%.

Engineering College:

Now we went for counseling . Actually my interest is to do Fashion Technology. Because I felt that i have some creativity on my mind. But my parents not aware of that. So they asked me to do engg.Actually I was on love at that time. She was on Bangalore. So I accept to do engg as my parents intreset,But I asked them to join me in Bangalore. But they don’t like that. They didn’t understand my thoughts and ideas. I have joined Engg college without interest’s didn’t concentrate on classes. I have spent lot of times on enjoying my college life. But on my second year. I have started to think about my career’s I chose computer hardware field and joined in a center.

Micron Hardware & Networking center,Madurai
Job Life

Early I have joined as an student .Then I became a tutor for the same center. I have done a part time job for 1000/- per month. Again 2 persons entered into my life to encourage. They have shared their knowledge ,life spectrums etc. I wont forget my first salary 1000/- in my life. I dint finish my engg ,While doing my 4th year .I got a job in Sutherland Global Services.So I left my studies for my job. Because my god hammered if you left this job you dont settle in my life. a that’s correct. I knew what I did in engg. So I decided to join.But My parents wont like. But now due to my hardwork, Now I am working in Tata Consultancy Services as a Team Leader. Asia’s No 1 company.
http://www.suth.com/ - Sutherland Global Services
http://www.tcs.com/homepage/Pages/default.aspx - TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES

Employee Reference: If you wanna refer me to join in TATA Consultancy Services ,you are warmely welcome.Just send me a mail with your contact number.Persons who have done love Marriage is my first preference.
Mail Addresses:
rathnasekaran.r@tcs.com
ramy.mousa@hotmail.com

Marriage Life

After I got a job in Sutherland ,I done a intercast love marriage.My wife is from Thevar,Piramalai Kallar Cast.I am from Telugu Nadiu cast.
There was a great oppose.I stood against a big Cast crowd mob with sickles,country bombs.
I was on Jail,stood in court.Police relased because my wife declared she wants to go with me in court.So I got released.We both are majors.Earlier her family & mine wont speak with us.Earlier we struggleded a lot for money.My wife is very flexible & Adjustable.She did nt panic even undergone for child's birth.I am the one stood infront of her on hospital.After 1 year they realized we done a mistake. As a parents they accepted us.Now I am a pet for my mother in law.
I have a beautiful family with lovable wife and Kid.

I build a house in the name of "Sri Ganga Illam" in chennai.I have a car.But still I am not satisfied why?,Pls visit the page " MY AIM"

My Friends

RRathna — Sun, 28 Dec 2008 10:30:51 CST

How is Siva?.Unfortunately we dont have separate photos.I m blinking how it happened!.K lets see about my friends

F.R.I.E.N.D.S
--------------
I m very funny person.Thats my habit.So i m having lot of friends till my school.But I m continuing my friendship with few of them.MY personal friend is Siva Prakash.I know him while on doing my college.

My school life was very bad.I was not good with my studies.So breakout in 9th standard,12th standard.Because of studies I havent speak with my father for last 7 yrs.As a miltary Officer he wants me to be in first Rank & first Bench.
But I m not like That,I was always intrested to love,smoke,bear,Heroisam etc.Its really a bitter life.I m the only person who failed in 12th standard
in the school.Again I wrote the 12th standard,failed again.After then My mother intrested to join in the polytechnic.But father was not intrested on it.He wants me to go to the job.I got selected in Navy,as not an officer just Painter.My salary is 1500 /= permonth.I became ready to go to the job because of pressure.But my mother wants to to continue study in Polytechnic.She begged me to join in Polytechnic.After joined in Polytechnic my graph starts to raise because of Senthil Sir,Vijaya Sekaran Sir.I had continued my same role in polytechnic,at the same time.I m intrested to study some thing.While on doing my Polytechnic i didnt used my polytechnic books.I used the engineering books to study.As result Each and every semester I scored more than 70%.Finally I finished my polytechnic in 93.76%.
Ok lets see about my friends,
1.Siva Prakash -----------From College/Become relation
2.Anguraj ------------------From Polytechnic
3.Senbaga Pandi-------------From School/Relation
4.Pandia Rajan-------------From School
5.Kutty Thevar-------------After Marraige

Leaders on my Mind

RRathna — Sun, 16 Nov 2008 14:59:38 CST

Personally Speaking I Like Ms Jayalalitha madam(Manfeisto of ADMK polictical party). Her confidence level wont her to get back from the decision which made.Action Specialist. According to my veiw we have good police force,But the usage only happening in her period.I Mean the encounters.No more corner talks to the government employees.If they dont work then the replacement is ready immediately for him.But I have a request to you mam that lot of old officials are just filling in Government centers.For eg when we are going to Canara Bank Government employee who is handling computers is trotiuos. To take a simple print out he took more than 30mins.They are not ready to update themselves like Aemricans.Even they cant thats their Knowledege level.First any eployee who is sitting infront of the computer obiviously he should be 50 yrs old.Idiotic specimens they can leave their chairs to Any youth.He will also improve and Tamilnadu and INDIA.Simple Logic but not heading to anyone.

Note : I am a common man seeking for a change.so I am not depending to any one, Any political parties

Exactly its 1975,July 27 Prabha started his hunt.Target was Duraiappa ,Mayor of Yaalpanam.Its not ended yet.

On his 16 ,he started his journey.Now he is 54 ,till now his wheel's moving sucessfully.Early while started his troophs lot of volunteers joined themselves in his trooph.He is a good Leader , Teacher , Orator.

" In Srilanka A9 highway is dividing Tigers region & Militery Region.

Actually Sinhalese creating a fake mob about LTTE.Actually they are running an Government for Tamilians.
They have Banks ,EB ,Government Bus,Telephone Department,Police , Miltery(LTTE),TAX.Hospital,Courts,Lawyers,Radio & Television,Police Station.

East Tamil areas control under LTTE,Here they have college , Schools , Engg COllege , Law College(Not like
Chennai Ambedkar Law college),University,Medical College,Militery College." What Else do you want to live"

No Dowries ,If any guys quoted for Dowries immediate action will be taken care gainst him.Tamilians in these regions do intercaste marriage.The only caste is Tamil.No Corruption.They breath tamil , live in Tamil.Even in Engg college , Medical college they teach in tamil & English.

We can see Mahatma dream becomes true in Eelam already.Women with full of Jewels can go anywhere.

The Above Mentioned is heading by a Single Man : Prabhakaran Pillai

About his Family :

Wife Madhivadhini ,Earlier she were in foreign .Now she staying with her.3 childrens
Elder son Charles Antony ,22 working in LTTE
2nd daughter Duvaraga staying in London
Younger son working in LTTE

Nov 26 th is Prabhakaran's birthday.

http://www.ltteps.org/
http://www.eelam.com/

Home

RRathna — Sat, 15 Nov 2008 18:53:40 CST

Stupid Common Man Web Page.

Erode Tour

RRathna — Sun, 02 Sep 2007 22:44:21 CDT

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Mannar Thirumalai Nayakkar

RRathna — Fri, 04 May 2007 12:34:43 CDT

Tirumalai Nayakkar Photo

Thirumalai Nayak ruled Madurai between 1623 to 1659 CE. He was the most notable of the thirteen Madurai Nayak rulers in the 17th century. His contributions are found in the many splendid buildings and temples of Madurai. His kingdom was under constant threat from the armies of Delhi Sultanate and the other neighbouring Muslim kingdoms, which he managed to repulse successfully. His territories comprised much of the old Pandya territories which included Coimbatore, Thirunelveli and Madurai districts in southern Tamil Nadu and some territories of territories of the Travancore kingdom.[citation needed]
Thirumalai Nayak was a great patron of art and architecture and the Dravidian Koil architecture evolved into the Madurai style. He rebuilt and renovated a number of old temples of the Pandya period. His palace knopwn as the Thirumalai Nayak Palace is a notable an architectural masterpiece.

[edit] Early years

Thirumalai Nayak succeeded Muttu Virappa Nayak on the Madurai throne in 1623 CE. The political situation in south Tamil Nadu was confused with the decline of the Vijayanagar empire, and the once feudatory Nayak governors of Madurai, Thanjavur, Gingee and Mysore were quarrelling to divide the dissolving Vijayanagara Empire. The Muslim kingdoms if the Deccan began to press southwards. Immediately after becoming king, Thirumalainayak withheld the payment of tributes to the Vijayanargara kings. He also gathered a large army in Thiruchirapalli and strengthened its fortifications.

[edit] Thirumalai's wars

[edit] Invasion by the Bijapur army

Around 1638, the Vijayanagara king Ranga, succeeded to the throne of Chandragiri and he soon resolved to put an end to the independence of Thirumalai and prepared to march southwards. Thirumalai had meanwhile persuaded the Vijayanagar governors of Tanjore and Gingee (in south Arcot) to join him in his defiance of their mutual suzerain, and thus Ranga was left with only Mysore, of all his feudatories, to support him. The Nayak governor of Thanjavur eventually left his allies, sent in his submission, and betrayed the other Nayaks.
Ranga advanced upon Gingee Fort and laid siege to it. Thirumalai requested the Bijapur Sultan to send assistance. However the Bijapur toops defeated the Vijayanaraga army and turned on the Nayak armies by attacking the Gingee fort themselves. Gingee soon fell to the Bijapur troops. Thirumalai retreated in dismay of Madurai, and the Bijapur army advanced southwards, defeated the Thanjavur Nayak, and proceeded to lay waste the Madurai country. Thirumalai then submitted, apparently without striking a blow, paid a large ransom to the invaders, and agreed to send an annual tribute to the Sultan of Bijapur.

[edit] Mysore wars

The Vijayanagar ruler had taken refuge with the king of Mysore, and now these two monarchs combined to endeavour to recover those portions of the Vijayanagara territories, which had recently been captured by Golconda. Thirumalai, making use of the opportunity to settle a long-standing quarrel with the kingdom of Mysore, persuaded the Sultans of Golconda and Bijapur to help him attack Mysore from the south. The Sultan of Golconda accepted and attacked Mysore and extinguished the Vijayanagara Empire and humbled the kingdom of Mysore. In return Thirumalai Nayak the Thanjavur Nayak and paid large amounts as tribute to the Golconda Sultan.
Thirumalai had another conflict with Mysore towards the end of his reign. The battles began with an invasion of Coimbatore by the Mysore king apparently in revenge for Thirumalai’s contribution to his defeat at the hands of the Golconda Sultanate. Coimbatore was occupied by the Mysore armies with ease, and Madurai itself was threatened. The Mysore troops were however repulsed from the town by the assistance of the Setupati of Ramnad. This campaign was known as the ‘hunt for noses’ because under the orders of the Mysore king, the invaders cut off the noses of all their prisoners and sent them in sacks to Seringapatam as trophies.[citation needed]
A counter invasion of Mysore was undertaken shortly afterwards by Thirumalai under the command of Kumara Muttu Nayak, his younger brother, and was a success, in which the king of Mysore himself was captured and his nose was cut off and sent to Madurai.[citation needed]

[edit] Rebellions by feudatories

During Thirumalai's reign, two rebellions occurred amongst his feudatories. The first was by the Setupati of Ramnad. It was due to an order of Thirumalai in 1635 regarding the succession to the chief of that territory, which was resisted by the rightful claimant. Thirumalai was successful in placing his nominee on the throne and in imprisoning the rival aspirant, but he was ultimately compelled to allow the latter to succeed. He heir reciprocated this action by supporting Thirumalai in his final war with Mysore.
The other rebellion was caused by a confederacy of Poligars headed by the powerful chief of Ettaiyapuram in the Thirunelveli district. Its reason for this upraising is not clear. The Setupati of Ramnad, as chief of all the Poligars, quelled it. The leader of the rebels was put to death and the others punished.

[edit] Thirumalai's Madurai

Thirumalai’s capital was Madurai. The royal residence had been moved from there to Thiruchirapalli by his predecessor, but Thirumalai moved it back to Madurai again, notwithstanding the strategic importance of Thiruchirapallai, with its almost impregnable rock, its never failing Cauvery river and its healthy climate, was by nature far superior to Madurai, where the fort was on level ground, the Vaigai was usually dry and fever was almost endemic.[citation needed] The reason for this move is claimed to be due to a dream Thirumalai had.[citation needed]
Thirumalai is best remembered for the many splendid public buildings he built in Madurai. Despite so many upheavals, Thirumalai Nayak's reign is famous for the legacy he left behind in numerous constructions. He added a tower to the Meenakshi temple, the unfinished tower called the Raja Gopuram and added a hall. He is credited for excavating the huge artificial pond, or Teppakulam.
He also built the beautiful palace called Thirumalai Nayak Mahala.k.a Thirumalai Nayak Palace . The palace was divided into two major parts, namely Swargavilasa and Rangavilasa. The royal residence, theatre, shrine, apartments, armoury, palanquin place, royal bandstand, quarters, pond and garden were situated in these two portions. The courtyard and the dancing hall are the major centre of attractions of the palace.

[edit] Personal life

[edit] Legends

Thirumalaii Nayak took great personal interest in the erection of the Pudumandapa at the Madurai temple. There are some account which recount that on one occasion, Sumandramurti Achari, the principal architect, was so deeply engrossed in sculpting a relief of the stone elephant eating sugarcane, an incident in the temple's puranic history, that he did not notice the Nayak standing by him. The Nayak rolled some betel leaves and areca nuts and handed them to him. Thinking that it was an assistant who had done so, he took them and began to chew them without looking around. When he realised that it was the Nayak himself, he was so much affected that he damaged the two fingers of his that had taken the betel leaves. Moved by his devotion to duty, the Nayak gave him many gifts. [citation needed]
On another occasion a son of an artist pestered him for a mango when that fruit was not in season. He would not take no for an answer. The Nayak ordered that gold mangoes be brought from the palace. The boy was content and allowed his father to continue the work undisturbed. From this incident the family came to be called the "Mampazham" family. [citation needed]
When, on yet another occasion, the artist was making a sculpture of a consort of the Nayak's a chip broke off from the thigh, as a curious coincidence the same queen had a scar in the same place as chipped. He started work on another image, but again the chip came off from the same place. A minister of the Nayak advised the artist to leave the image as it was. When the Nayak came to know of this from the artist, he was angry, wondering how the minister could know that his queen had a scar on her thigh. He sent for him. The minister knew that the Nayak was angry and might punish him. So he put out his eyes. At this the Nayak was filled with grief. Thereupon the minister composed a poem in the praise of the Goddess, beseeching her to give him back his eyesight if he was innocent. She restored it. The minister was a famous Sanskrit poet,named Sri.Nilakanta Diksihtar. Among his works are the "Shivalilamava", on the traditions of Lord Shiva in Madurai, and the "Gangavatarana", on the descent of the Ganga to the earth. [citation needed]. After this incident the minister, took leave of the King and was endowed with a village called Palamadai(Neelakanta Samudram) east of The present Sankar nagar,in Tirunelveli. Sri.Nilakanta Diksihthar was the grand nephew of Appaya Diksihtar. This clan has a rich tradition of intellectuals.
Another anecdote tells us that Thirumalai first brought his queen to the Thirumalai Nayak palace after it was completed. She commented that the giant pillars and arches reminded her of a stable for elephants, sending the king into such a rage that he had her confined for the rest of her life. And he took another wife.[citation needed]

[edit] Traveller Chronicles

Baltsar Da Costa, a jesuit traveller chronicles in 1646 ‘Relacao Annual’ describing Thirumala Nayaka in more graphic still
“Almost every day he appears on the terrace surrounded by his courtiers, while in front of them his elephants are drawn up in two rows, the space between them being occupied by three or four hundred Turks (Turcos) who form his bodyguard. When he comes out of the fortress to visit some pagodes (Temple), as he is wonts to do on days of festivals, he is surrounded with great pomp. Sometimes he rides in a palanquin, at other times he mounts an enormous elephant…Next come the elephants in a long file, mounted by his nobles and chief captains, preceded by the arms and insignia(crest) of the Nāyaka.Then the cavalry and the rest of the troops follow".

[edit] His death

Thirumalai Naik died in 1659. He was between sixty-five and seventy years of age at the time and had reigned for thirty-six years. His territories at his death comprised the present districts of Madurai (including the territories of Ramnad and Sivaganga), Thirunelveli, Coimbatore, Salem and Thiruchirapalli, with Pudukkotai and parts of Travancore.
According to legends that were current regarding his death, he nearly converted to Christianity that he stopped his expenditure on the temples of the Hindu gods. This roused the Brahmins, and some of them, headed by a priest of the great temple, enticed him to the temple under the pretence that they had found a great hidden treasure in a vault there, induced him to enter the vault and then shut down its stone trap-door upon him, and gave out that the goddess Meenakshi had translated her favourite to heaven.[citation needed] Another story states that he had an intrigue with the wife of a priest and that as he was returning from visiting her one dark night he fell into a well and was killed. Thirumalai was succeeded by his son Muttu Alakadri Nayak in 1659.
A letter written by one of the Jesuit priests just after his death states:[citation needed]It is impossible to refuse him credit for great qualities, but he tarnished his glory at the end of his life by follies and vices which nothing could justify. He was called to render account to God for the evils which his political treachery had brought upon his own people and the neighbouring kingdoms. His reign was rendered illustrious by works of really royal magnificence. Among these are the pagoda of Madura, several public buildings, and above all the royal palace the colossal proportions and astonishing boldness of which recall the ancient monuments of Thebes. He loved and protected the Christian religion, the excellence of which he recongnised; but he never had the courage to accept the consequences of his conviction. The chief obstacle to his conversion came from his 200 wives, of whom the most distinguished were burnt on his pyre. [citation needed]

[edit] References

Rao, Velcheru Narayana, and David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamilnadu (Delhi ; Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1998) ; xix, 349 p., [16] p. of plates : ill., maps ; 22 cm. ; Oxford India paperbacks ; Includes bibliographical references and index ; ISBN 0-19-564399-2.

Devakunjari, D., 1921-. Madurai through the ages : from the earliest times to 1801 A.D. general editor, R. Nagaswamy (Madras : Society for Archaeological, Historical, and Epigraphical Research, [1979]) ; 336 p., [26] leaves of plates : ill. ; 22 cm. ; SAHER publication no. 8. ; "Thesis submitted to the University of Madras for the award of Ph.D. degree in the year 1957"--T.p. verso. ; bibliography: p. 334-336.

Rajaram, K. (Kumarasamy), 1940-. History of Thirumalai Nayak (Madurai : Ennes Publications, 1982) ; 128 p., [1] leaf of plates : ill., maps ; 23 cm. ; revision of the author's thesis (M. Phil.--Madurai-Kamaraj University, 1978) Includes index ; bibliography p. 119-125 ; on the achievements of Thirumalai Nayaka, fl. 1623-1659, Madurai ruler.

Balendu Sekaram, Kandavalli, 1909-. The Nayaks of Madura by Khandavalli Balendusekharam (Hyderabad : Andhra Pradesh Sahithya Akademi, 1975) ; 30 p. ; 22 cm. ; "World Telugu Conference publication." ; History of the Telugu speaking Nayaka kings of Pandyan Kingdom, Madurai, 16th-18th century.

Sathianathaier, R. History of the Nayaks of Madura [microform] by R. Sathyanatha Aiyar ; edited for the University, with introduction and notes by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar ([Madras] : Oxford University Press, 1924) ; see also ([London] : H. Milford, Oxford university press, 1924) ; xvi, 403 p. ; 21 cm. ; SAMP early 20th-century Indian books project item 10819.s]]

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RRathna — Thu, 07 Dec 2006 03:30:46 CST

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Ganesh Prabhu (Gangas brother)is very much dedicated to play football game.While on doing the 12th standard he was played for TamilNadu team on Dehradun.

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Veera Pandya Kattabomma Naicker History

RRathna — Mon, 20 Nov 2006 08:16:34 CST

VEERA PANDYA KATTABOMMA NAICKER Veerapandiya Kattabomman ('Veerapandiyan' means 'brave one in the pandiyan line') also known as Kattabomman or Katta Bommu hails from Panchalankurichi, a historically important place, in the present day Thoothukudi, a district in Tamil Nadu, India.

Background

Veerapandiya Kattabomman was born in an Nayakkar? family to Aadi Kattabommu and Aarumugathammal on January 3, 1760 and became the 47th king of Panchalankurichi at an age of 30. Veerapandiya Kattabomman's father Aadi Kattabomman was a minister in the court of Jagaveera Pandiyan, a desendent in the Pandya line. Jagaveera pandiyan was issueless and declared Kattabomman as his successor. Since Kattabomman was the first of the new clan, he came to be known as Adi Kattabomman (aadi means first or beginning in Sanskrit and Tamil).

History is that Aadi Kattabomman, before becoming a minister at Jagaveera Pandiyan's court, migrated from the present day Andhra Pradesh to Panchalankurichi. His actual name was Bommulu or Bommu. Bommu's physical strength and appearance earned him the name Getti Bommu (strong Bommu) which later, influenced by the local language Tamil, became Katta Bommu (Kattabomman).

Revolt against British rule

Veerapandiya Kattabomman is among the kings in southern India who resisted the British East India Company. He initially evaded tax that the British demanded and ignored repeated summons to meet collector Jackson. Later his meeting with Jackson ended in a physical combat in which Deputy Commandant of the Company's forces, Clarke, was slain. He later revolted against the British by refusing to pay taxes when a new collector was assigned to retrieve due taxes. This resulted in the British East India Company, under the leadership of Major Bannerman, dispatchng the army to capture Kattabomman. The Company's army circled Kattabomman's fort at Salikulam, a few miles from Panchalanckurichi, intending to arrest him there. This later turned out to be lossful battle for the British with them losing a great fraction of the assigned troops including Lieutenant Collins. Immediately after the retreat of the British forces, Kattabomman vacated his fort suspecting impending cannon attacks from the British which his fort may not have withstood. The East India Company put a price on his head. He was later betrayed by the Raja of Pudukottai which resulted in his arrest and subsequent execution. He was hung from a tamarind tree in 1799 at kayathar. After that his fort was completely demolished by the British and his wealth was looted.

National Hero

The government of Tamil Nadu honored the hero by raising a monumental fort at Panchalankurichi in his memory. His name is remembered among the people as a brave tamil hero who stood against the British long before the first war of Indian independence that would be instigated by Mangal Pandey on 1857.

Veerapandiya Kattabomman
1760 - 1799

"..Collector Jackson singled out Kattabomman Nayak of Panchalamkurichi as the main leader of the rebellion. That came to be known as the First Poligari War was declared on 5 September 1799. Although Kattabomman managed to escape from the field of battle, he was captured a month later in Pudukottai. After a summary trial, he was sentenced to death by Major Bannerman, Commander of the East India Company troops. He was publicly hanged near Kayattar Fort, close to the town of Tirunelveli, in front of fellow poligars who had been summoned to witness the execution..."

Courtesy The Sanmar Group -
"The struggle for freedom from the British, saw the emergence of many patriots who fought, made sacrifices and even lost their lives defending the country. Exhibiting great courage, Tamils were among those who sowed the seeds for the freedom movement. One such pioneer was Veerapandiya Kattabomman.
Eighteen kilometres north west of Tirunelveli lies the hamlet of Panchalankurichi, a place of historical significance. The chieftains ruling Panchalankurichi put up stiff resistance against the British East India Company, between 1798 and 1801.
Veerapandiya Kattabomman was a fearless chieftain who refused to bow down to the demands of the British for agricultural tax on native land, a brave warrior who laid down his life for his motherland. The fight he launched in Panchalankurichi has been hailed as the inspiration behind the first battle of independence of 1857, which the British called the Sepoy Mutiny.
Azhagiya Veerapandiapuram (Ottapidaram of today) was ruled by Jagaveera Pandiyan. He had a minister Bommu who had migrated from Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu who was a brave warrior. He was known as Gettibommu in Telugu to describe his strength and fighting qualities. This, over a period of time, became Kattabomman in Tamil. Kattabomman ascended the throne after Jagaveera Pandiyan, who had no issue, and later came to be known as Adi Kattabomman, the first of the clan of Kattabomman.
Legend has it that during a hunting trip into the forests of Salikulam (close to Azhagiya Pandiyapuram) Kattabomman watched the spectacle of a hare chasing seven hounds. Kattabomman was amazed at this miracle. Believing that the land possessed great powers that could instil courage in people, he built his fort there and named it Panchalankurichi.
Born in this clan of Adi Kattabomman was Veerapandiyan on January 3, 1760 – the 47th king of Panchalankurichi – to Jagaveera Kattabomman and Arumugathammal. He had two younger brothers Dalavai Kumarasami and Duraisingam. Veerapandiyan was fondly called ‘Karuthaiah’ (the black prince), and Dalavai Kumarasami, ‘Sivathaiah’ (the white prince). Duraisingam, a good orator, earned the sobriquet ‘Oomaidurai’, which actually meant the very opposite – the dumb prince.
On February 2, 1790, Veerapandiyan, thirty, became the king of Panchalankurichi. The Nawab of Arcot who had borrowed huge sums of money from the East India Company gave them the right to collect taxes and levies from the southern region in lieu of the money he had borrowed. The East India Company took advantage of the situation and plundered all the wealth of the people in the name of tax collection. All the ‘poligars’ paid taxes except Veerapandiyan.
Kattabomman refused to pay his dues and for a long time refused to meet Jackson the Collector of the East India Company. Finally, he met Jackson at ‘Ramalinga Vilasam’, the palace of Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram. The meeting ended in a skirmish in which the Deputy Commandant of the Company’s forces, Clarke was slain. Kattabomman and his men fought their way to freedom and safety, but Thanapathi Pillai, Kattabomman’s secretary was taken prisoner.
The Commission of Enquiry that went into the incident fixed the blame on Jackson and relieved him of his post, thinking the Company’s plan to take over the entire country gradually could be marred by Jackson’s fight with Veerapandiya Kattabomman. The new Collector of Tirunelveli wrote to Kattabomman calling him for a meeting on 16th March, 1799. Kattabomman wrote back citing the extreme drought conditions for the delay in the payment of dues and also demanded that all that was robbed off him at Ramanathapuram be restored to him. The Collector wanted the ruling house of Sethupathis to prevent Kattabomman from aligning himself with the enemies of the Company and decided to attack Kattabomman.
Kattabomman refused to meet the Collector and a fight broke out. Under Major Bannerman, the army stood at all the four entrances of Panchalankurichi’s fort. At the southern end, Lieutenant Collins was on the attack. When the fort’s southern doors opened, he was killed by Kattabomman’s warriors.
After suffering heavy losses, the English decided to wait for reinforcements from Palayamkottai. Sensing that his fort could not survive a barrage from heavy cannons, Kattabomman left the fort that night.
A price was set on Kattabomman’s head. Thanapathi Pillai and 16 others were taken prisoners. Thanapathi Pillai was executed and his head perched on a bamboo pole was displayed at Panchalankurichi. Veerapandiya Kattabomman stayed at Kolarpatti at Rajagopala Naicker’s house where the forces surrounded the house.
Kattabomman and his aides fled from there and took refuge in the Thirukalambur forests close to Pudukkottai. Bannerman ordered the ruler of Pudukkottai to arrest Kattabomman. Accordingly, Kattabomman was captured and on October 16, 1799 the case was taken up (nearly three weeks after his arrest near Pudukkottai). After a summary trial, Kattabomman was hanged unceremoniously on a tamarind tree. The fort of Panchalankurichi was razed to the ground and all of Kattabomman’s wealth was looted by the English soldiers.
A fort constructed by the Tamil Nadu Government at Panchalankurichi in 1972 stands as a monument to this great hero from the south who played a pivotal role in the freedom movement of our country. "

Veerapandiya Kattabomman & the Poligar rebellion
- N.Rajendran in National Movement in Tamil Nadu, 1905-1914, Agitational Politics and State Coercion

In Tamil Nadu, as in other parts of India, the earliest expressions of opposition to British rule took the form of localised rebellions and uprisings. Chief among these was the revolt of the palayakkarargal (poligars) against the East India Company in 1799.
The poligari system had evolved with the extension of Vijayanagar rule into Tamil Nadu. Each poligar was the holder of a territory or palayam (usually consisting of a few villages), granted to him in return for military service and tribute.
Where circumstances allowed, the poligars naturally tended to place less emphasis on performing their duties and more on enhancing their own powers. Given their numerical strength, extensive resources, local influence and independent attitude, the poligars came to constitute a powerful force in the political system of south India. They regarded themselves as independent, sovereign authorities within their respective palayams, arguing that their lands had been handed down to them across a span of sixty generations Such claims of course were to be brushed aside by the East India Company...
The East India Company, eager for revenue, opposed the manner and scale in which the poligars collected taxes from the people. The issue of taxation—more specifically, who was to collect it, the traditional rulers or the rapacious new collectors from overseas —lay at the root of the subsequent uprising. As one British Collector noted:
I again repeated that. . . unless the poligar were deprived of his power, and my recommendations went to the fullest extent of the measure, the Company's investment would be materially checked, the weavers residing in the Panchalamkurichi palayam would be stripped off their property, and the largest part of the advances made to them by the commercial resident exposed to considerable danger.
...The early struggle between the poligars of south and East India Company, although essentially a battle over tax collection, had a strong political dimension. The English treated the poligars, perceived as a rival power, as their inveterate enemies, allowing their hostility full expression in their accounts...
When in 1799 the poligars of Tirunelveli District rose in open rebellion, the East India Company took all possible measures to check the spread of the uprising. A detachment of Company troops was speedily deployed against the Tirunelveli poligars, while dire warnings were issued to poligars in other parts of the south not to join the rebellion. The Company, which regarded the poligars as the 'scourge of the country', determined to deprive the ringleaders of their palayats and punish them in an exemplary fashion.
Collector Jackson singled out Kattabomma Nayak of Panchalamkurichi as the main leader of the rebellion. That came to be known as the First Poligari War was declared on 5 September 1799. Although Kattabomman managed to escape from the field of battle, he was captured a month later in Pudukottai. After a summary trial, he was sentenced to death by Major Bannerman, Commander of the East India Company troops. He was publicly hanged near Kayattar Fort, close to the town of Tirunelveli, in front of fellow poligars who had been summoned to witness the execution.
Subramania Pillai, a close associate of Kattabomma Nayak, was also publicly hanged and his head was fixed on a pike at Panchalamkurichi. Soundra Pandian Nayak, another rebel leader, was brutally done to death by having his brains dashed against a village wall.

Despite the exemplary repression of 1799, however, rebellion broke out again in 1800, this time in a more cohesive and united manner. Although the 1800-1801 rebellion was to be categorised in British records as the Second Poligari War, it assumed a much broader character than its predecessor. It was directed by a confederacy consisting of Marudu Pandian of Sivaganga, Gopala Nayak of Dindugal, Kerala Verma of Malabar and Krishnappa Nayak and Dhoondaji of Mysore. The insurrection, which broke out in Coimbatore in June 1800, soon spread to Ramanathapuram and Madurai. By May 1801, it had reached the northern provinces, where Marudu Pandian, Melappan and Puttur provided the leadership. Oomathurai, the brother of Kattabomma Nayak, emerged as a key leader. In February 1801, Oomathurai and two hundred men by a clever stratagem took control of Panchalamkuriclli Fort, in which Oomathurai's relatives were imprisoned.
Its fort now re-occupied and reconstructed by rebel forces Panchalamkurichi became the nerve centre of the uprising. British dismay was boundless. As one eyewitness put it,
' . . . to our utter astonishment, we discovered that the walls, which had been entirely levelled, were now rebuilt, and fully manned by about fifteen hundred poligars.'
Three thousand armed men of Madurai and Ramanathapuram, despatched by Marudu Pandian, joined up with the Panchalamkurichi forces. However, British military superiority having just destroyed the far more formidable challenge posed by Tipu Sultan in Mysore, quickly asserted itself. The poligar forces based at Panchalamkurichi were crushed and, by the orders of the colonial government, the site of the captured fort was ploughed up and sowed with castor oil and salt so that it should never again be inhabited.
The colonial forces quickly overpowered the remaining insurgents. The Marudu brothers and their sons were put to death, while Oomathurai and Sevatiah were beheaded at Panchalamkurichi on 16 November, 1801. Seventy-three of the principal rebels were sentenced to perpetual banishment. So savage and extensive was the death and destruction wrought by the English that the entire region was left in a state of terror.
The suppression of the poligar rebellions of 1799 and 1800-1801 resulted in the liquidation of the influence of the chieftains. Under the terms of the Carnatic Treaty (31 July, 1801), the British assumed direct control over Tamil Nadu. The poligari system, which had flourished for two and a half centuries, came to a violent end and the Company introduced a zamindari settlement in its place.
While it is obviously premature and misleading to attach the term 'nationalist' to the struggle of the poligars, or to portray it as some kind of mass movement, the uprising does appear to have attracted some popular support. In subsequent years, a good deal of legend and folklore would develop around Kattabomman and the Marudu brothers. Long after Kattabomman's execution, Kayattar, his place of death, remained a place of political pilgrimage. In his Tinnevelly Gazetteer of 1917, H. R. Pate notes the presence in Kayattar of 'a great pile of stones of all sizes, which represents the accumulated offerings by wayfarers of the past hundred years'. Folk songs recalling the heroism of the poligar leaders remain alive in Tamil Nadu to this day..."